Light-driven nanoscale vectorial currents

Jacob Pettine, Prashant Padmanabhan, Teng Shi, Lauren Gingras, Luke McClintock, Chun Chieh Chang, Kevin W.C. Kwock, Long Yuan, Yue Huang, John Nogan, Jon K. Baldwin, Peter Adel, Ronald Holzwarth, Abul K. Azad, Filip Ronning, Antoinette J. Taylor, Rohit P. Prasankumar, Shi Zeng Lin, Hou Tong Chen

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

17 Scopus citations

Abstract

Controlled charge flows are fundamental to many areas of science and technology, serving as carriers of energy and information, as probes of material properties and dynamics1 and as a means of revealing2,3 or even inducing4,5 broken symmetries. Emerging methods for light-based current control5–16 offer particularly promising routes beyond the speed and adaptability limitations of conventional voltage-driven systems. However, optical generation and manipulation of currents at nanometre spatial scales remains a basic challenge and a crucial step towards scalable optoelectronic systems for microelectronics and information science. Here we introduce vectorial optoelectronic metasurfaces in which ultrafast light pulses induce local directional charge flows around symmetry-broken plasmonic nanostructures, with tunable responses and arbitrary patterning down to subdiffractive nanometre scales. Local symmetries and vectorial currents are revealed by polarization-dependent and wavelength-sensitive electrical readout and terahertz (THz) emission, whereas spatially tailored global currents are demonstrated in the direct generation of elusive broadband THz vector beams17. We show that, in graphene, a detailed interplay between electrodynamic, thermodynamic and hydrodynamic degrees of freedom gives rise to rapidly evolving nanoscale driving forces and charge flows under the extremely spatially and temporally localized excitation. These results set the stage for versatile patterning and optical control over nanoscale currents in materials diagnostics, THz spectroscopies, nanomagnetism and ultrafast information processing.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)984-989
Number of pages6
JournalNature
Volume626
Issue number8001
DOIs
StatePublished - Feb 29 2024

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