Physics of semiconductor microcavity lasers

This review summarizes recent developments and successes in the theoretical modelling of the characteristics of semiconductor microcavity lasers. After a discussion of the basic laser properties, results of a quasi-equilibrium many-body theory are presented which are very useful for the understanding of microcavity laser operation not too far above the laser threshold. Non-equilibrium phenomena, such as spectral and kinetic hole burning as well as plasma heating effects, are analysed using a quantum kinetic approach. Comparisons with experimental observations are discussed, before open problems and future challenges are outlined.