Abstract
We investigate permeation of vanadium (V) through copper (Cu) layers in V/Cu/niobium (Nb) and molybdenum (Mo)/Cu/V tri-layer composites and compare it with the permeation behavior of Nb. Despite their low solubility in single-crystal Cu, both V and Nb permeate readily due to short-circuit transport through Cu grain boundaries (GBs). However, Nb permeates preferentially to V. Atomistic simulations suggest that this difference is due to lower V diffusivity at general GBs in Cu, compared to Nb. The lower V diffusivity, in turn, arises from stronger V binding to the boundary, which manifests as a greater equilibrium GB concentration as well as a higher activation energy for GB diffusion.
Original language | English |
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Article number | 116515 |
Journal | Scripta Materialia |
Volume | 258 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Mar 15 2025 |