Surface plasmons in terahertz metamaterials

We characterize terahertz metamaterials by applying apertureless near-field microscopy with a bandwidth that covers the entire spectral response of the structures. The observations agree with the interpretation of the fundamental mode of the metamaterial, But the high frequency resonance shows properties that deviate from the common interpretation. We show that the high frequency response is governed by surface plasmon excitations, which have a comparable oscillator strength as the fundamental mode.